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1.
Rev. cuba. ortop. traumatol ; 34(1): e219, ene.-jun. 2020. ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS, CUMED | ID: biblio-1139113

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La ruptura espontánea del tendón de Aquiles es una afección frecuente en los pacientes jóvenes que practican deportes. Cuando no se realiza el diagnóstico inicial, pasa a ser una lesión crónica, donde su diagnóstico y tratamiento es aún más complejo. En la mayoría de estos casos son necesarios los injertos tendinosos. Objetivo: Demostrar la eficacia y resultados clínicos funcionales de la reparación quirúrgica de la ruptura crónica del tendón de Aquiles mediante transferencia del tendón peroneo lateral corto. Presentación del caso: Paciente masculino de 38 años de edad con antecedentes de una caída mientras practicaba deportes. Se constató ruptura crónica del tendón de Aquiles. Se realizó una cirugía a cielo abierto, con transferencia tendinosa del tendón peroneo lateral corto hacia el cabo distal del tendón de Aquiles. Se reforzó la plastia con el tendón del plantar delgado. Se colocó una inmovilización tipo bota para el tobillo con 30o de flexión plantar por seis semanas. Pasado este tiempo, se colocó una bota de marcha y comenzó la deambulación, así como la rehabilitación con apoyo parcial hasta cumplir tres meses. A los seis meses se incorporó a su vida normal con adecuada función del pie y el tobillo. Conclusiones: La reparación quirúrgica de la ruptura crónica del tendón de Aquiles mediante transferencia del tendón peroneo lateral corto constituye un método eficaz y ofrece buenos resultados clínicos y funcionales(AU)


ABSTRACT Introduction: Spontaneous rupture of the Achilles tendon is a frequent condition in young patients who practice sports. When the initial diagnosis is not made, it becomes a chronic injury, consequently, diagnosis and treatment is even more complex. In most of these cases, tendon grafts are necessary. Objective: To demonstrate the efficacy and functional clinical results of the surgical repair of the chronic rupture of the Achilles tendon by transferring the short lateral peroneal tendon. Case report: We report the case of a 38-year-old male patient with a history of a fall while playing sports. A chronic rupture of the Achilles tendon was found. Open surgery was performed, the short lateral peroneal tendon was transferred to the distal end of the Achilles tendon. The plasty was reinforced with the thin plantar tendon. Ankle boot-type immobilization was placed with 30° plantar flexion for six weeks. After this time, the patient received a walker boot, ambulation and rehabilitation began. The latter started with partial support during three months. At six months this patient returned to his normal life with adequate foot and ankle function. Conclusions: Surgical repair of chronic Achilles tendon rupture by transferring the short lateral peroneal tendon is an effective method and offers good clinical and functional results(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Rupture/surgery , Achilles Tendon/injuries , Tendon Transfer/methods , Lateral Ligament, Ankle/transplantation
2.
Int. j. morphol ; 34(1): 380-384, Mar. 2016. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-780521

ABSTRACT

Sural nerve (SN) courses from the posterior aspect of leg to the lateral side of ankle and foot. Anatomy of the SN is of clinical importance due to its involvement in nerve biopsy, nerve graft harvesting including injuries during calcaneal tendon repair. Despite substantial knowledge in the literature, more easily located landmarks and data regarding the symmetry are still needed. Ninety-eight lower extremities from 31 males and 18 females were dissected in this study. The SN originated from the union between the medial and lateral sural cutaneous nerves in 52.0 % of the legs. The distance from the union point to the intermalleolar line (IML) was 16.3±8.4 (SD) cm. The ratio of this distance to the fibular length (apex of head to lateral malleolus or LM) was 0.47±0.23 cm. In 84.7 % of the legs, the SN initially coursed medial to and then crossed the lateral border of calcaneal tendon at the distance of 8.4±2.1 cm above the IML. The ratio to the fibular length was 0.25±0.06 cm. At the level of IML, the SN was posterior to the most prominent part of the LM in 95.9 % of the legs with the distance of 2.6±0.5 cm. At the closest point, the SN was lateral to the small saphenous vein in 74.5 % of the legs and the distance from this point to the IML was 10.6±4.7 cm. The ratio to the fibular length was 0.31±0.14 cm. Side difference or asymmetry was observed in a substantial number of specimens. These data are crucial for not only localizing the SN during biopsy and graft harvesting but also avoiding the nerve injury during relevant surgical procedures.


El nervio sural (NS) transcurre por la región posterior de la pierna, el tobillo y el pie. La anatomía del NS es de importancia clínica durante la realización de una biopsia, el desarrollo de injerto de nervio, incluyendo lesiones del nervio durante la reparación del tendón calcáneo. A pesar del conocimiento sustancial en la literatura, aún se necesitan puntos de referencia más fáciles de localizar e información sobre la simetría. Noventa y ocho miembros inferiores de 31 hombres y 18 mujeres fueron disecados. El NS se originó a partir de la unión entre los nervios cutáneo sural medial y cutáneo sural lateral en el 52,0 % de las piernas. La distancia desde el punto de unión a la línea intermaleolar (IML) fue de 16,3±8,4 (SD) cm. La relación de esta distancia a la longitud de la fíbula (vértice de la cabeza al maléolo lateral o LM) fue de 0,47±0,23 cm. En el 84,7 % de las piernas, el NS se ubicó inicialmente medial y luego cruzó el margen lateral del tendón calcáneo a una distancia de 8,4±2,1 cm proximal a la IML. La relación de longitud de la fíbula fue de 0,25±0,06 cm. A nivel de la IML, el NS se localizaba posterior a la parte más prominente de la LM en el 95,9 % de las piernas, con una distancia de 2,6±0,5 cm. En el punto más cercano, el NS se localizaba lateral a la vena safena parva en 74,5 % de las piernas y la distancia desde este punto hasta la IML fue de 10,6±4,7 cm. La relación de longitud de la fíbula fue 0,31±0,14 cm. La diferencia entre los lados o asimetría se observó en un número considerable de ejemplares. Estos datos son esenciales no sólo para localizar el NS durante la biopsia y la realización del injerto sino también para evitar la lesión del nervio durante procedimientos quirúrgicos relevantes.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Achilles Tendon/innervation , Saphenous Vein/anatomy & histology , Sural Nerve/anatomy & histology , Cadaver
3.
Pesqui. vet. bras ; 35(supl.1): 39-50, dez. 2015. tab, graf, ilus
Article in English | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: lil-789009

ABSTRACT

Low-level laser therapy is recommended for the treatment of tendinopathies despite the contradictory results related to the ideal dose of energy, wavelength and time of application. This study aimed to assess the effects of laser therapy and eccentric exercise on tendinopathy of the Achilles tendon of Wistar rats. Forty-eight adult male rats were randomly distributed into four groups (L= laser; E= eccentric exercise; LE = laser and eccentric exercise; and R= rest). Laser therapy (904nm/3J/cm2) and/or eccentric exercise (downhill walking; 15o incline treadmill; 12m/min; 50min/day) was started 24h after induction of unilateral tendinopathy and remained for 20 days. At 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after lesion induction, three rats from each group were euthanized and the tendons were collected for histological and morphometric analyses. There was no difference among groups or among times for the characteristics hemorrhage (p=0.4154), fibrinous adhesion formation (p=0.0712), and organization of collagen fibers (p=0.2583) and of the connective tissue (p=0.1046). For these groups, regardless of the time, eccentric exercise led to epitenon thickening (p=0.0204), which was lower in the group treated with laser therapy. Histological analysis revealed differences (p=0.0032) in the number of inflammatory cells over time. They were more numerous in the group that only exercised. This result was confirmed by morphometric analysis, which showed a significant interaction (groups x time) for this characteristic. Eccentric exercise increased (p=0.0014) the inflammatory infiltrate over time (3 and 21 days). However, association with laser therapy reduced inflammatory reaction. On the other hand, the combination of the treatments increased angiogenesis in morphometric (p=0.0000) and histological (p=0.0006) analyses compared with the other groups, while the isolated application of low-level laser reduced this characteristic over time. Animals maintained at rest presented the lowest amount (p=0.0000) of fibroblasts, according to the morphometric analysis. However, histological evaluation showed a significant group x time interaction (p=0.0024). Greater amounts of fibroblasts were observed in groups E, L and LE on the 7th, 14th and 21st days, respectively. The animals that received laser therapy and were exercised showed a greater (p=0.0000) amount of collagen fibers over time. Laser therapy at a dose of 3J and at a wavelength of 904nm, starting 24h after surgical induction of tendinopathy in Wistar rats, is suitable for angiogenesis and prevention of tendon thickening, which can be associated with the intensity of inflammatory process. When associated with eccentric exercise, the therapy has the advantage of increasing the amount of collagen fibers, reducing fibrinous adhesions and inflammatory infiltrate, despite prolonging angiogenesis. Therefore, eccentric exercise performed concomitantly with laser therapy improves the histological properties of the injured tendon.(AU)


O laser de baixa potência é recomendado para o tratamento das tendinopatias apesar dos resultados contraditórios no que se refere a dose de energia ideal, comprimento de onda e tempo de aplicação. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da laserterapia e do exercício excêntrico na tendinopatia do tendão calcanear comum de ratos Wistar. Foram utilizados 48 ratos machos adultos. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (L=laser; E=exercício excêntrico; LE=laser e exercício excêntrico, e R=repouso). Após 24h da indução de tendinopatia unilateral, foi iniciada laserterapia (904nm/3J/cm2) e/ou exercício excêntrico (caminhada em declive; esteira com 15o de inclinação; 12m/min; 50min/dia) que permaneceu por 20 dias. Aos 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias após indução da lesão, três ratos de cada grupo foram submetidos à eutanásia, e os tendões foram obtidos para análises histológica e morfométrica. Não houve diferença entre grupos nem entre tempos nas características hemorragia (p=0,4154), formação de aderência fibrinosa (p=0,0712) e organização das fibras colágenas (p=0,2583) e do tecido conjuntivo (p=0,1046). Considerando os grupos, independentemente do tempo, foi observado que o exercício excêntrico ocasionou espessamento do epitendão (p=0,0204), que foi menor no grupo submetido à laserterapia. A análise histológica revelou diferença (p=0,0032) na quantidade de células inflamatórias ao longo do tempo, sendo observado em maior quantidade no grupo apenas exercitado. Esse resultado foi confirmado pela análise morfométrica, que demonstrou haver interação significativa (grupos x tempo) nessa característica, na qual o exercício excêntrico aumentou (p=0,0014) o infiltrado inflamatório ao longo do tempo (3 e 21 dias), porém, quando associado à laserterapia, ocorreu redução da reação inflamatória. Por outro lado, a associação dos tratamentos ocasionou maior angiogênese observada nas análises morfométrica (p=0,0000) e histológica (p=0,0006), quando comparada com os demais grupos, enquanto a aplicação isolada do laser de baixa potência reduziu essa característica ao longo do tempo. Os animais mantidos em repouso foram os que apresentaram menor (p=0,0000) quantidade de fibroblastos, na análise morfométrica, porém na avaliação histológica foi observada interação significativa entre grupo e tempo (p=0,0024). Maior quantidade de fibroblastos foi observada nos grupos E, L e LE, no 7o, 14o e 21o dias, respectivamente. Os animais que receberam laserterapia e foram exercitados apresentaram maior (p=0,0000) quantidade de fibras colágenas ao longo do tempo. A laserterapia na dose de 3J e comprimento de onda de 904nm, iniciada 24h após indução cirúrgica de tendinopatia em ratos Wistar é adequada para angiogênese e para evitar o espessamento do tendão, que pode estar relacionado com a intensidade do processo inflamatório. Quando associada ao exercício excêntrico, a terapia apresenta a vantagem de aumentar a quantidade de fibras colágenas, reduzir a aderência fibrinosa e infiltrado inflamatório, apesar de prolongar a angiogênese. Portanto, o exercício excêntrico realizado concomitantemente com a laserterapia melhora as propriedades histológicas do tendão lesionado.(AU)


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Achilles Tendon/pathology , Low-Level Light Therapy/veterinary , Tendinopathy/therapy , Motor Activity , Rats, Wistar
4.
Int. j. morphol ; 33(3): 920-929, Sept. 2015. ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-762565

ABSTRACT

It was aimed that the morphometric development of calcaneal tendon and the structures building it up in human fetuses during the fetal period be anatomically studied and that its clinical importance be evaluated. The study comprised a total of 102 fetus legs (51 human fetuses: 26 male and 25 female) whose ages varied between 15-40 gestational week, without external pathology or anomaly. The fetuses were divided in groups according to gestational weeks, trimesters and months. In the wake of the general external measurements of fetuses, leg dissection was performed. Afterwards, the morphometric parameters of gastrocnemius muscle, soleus muscle and calcaneal tendon were measured. The averages and the standard deviations of the measured parameters were determined according to gestational weeks, trimesters and months. There was a significant correlation between the measured parameters and the gestational age (p<0.001). There was no difference between sexes in terms of parameters (p>0.005). All the obtained results were discussed by making a comparison between them and the previous studies made. We are of the opinion that the data obtained in our study will be of use to the involved clinicians in the evaluation of the development of calcaneal tendon and the structures constituting it during the fetal period and in clinical studies and applications as well.


El objetivo de esta investigación consiste en el estudio del desarrollo morfométrico del tendón calcáneo y las estructuras que se desarrollan con él durante el período fetal humano y evaluar su importancia clínica. El estudio comprendió un total de 102 piernas de fetos (51 fetos humanos: 26 masculinos y 25 femeninos) cuyas edades variaron entre 15 a 40 semanas de edad gestacional, sin presencia de patología externa o anomalía. Los fetos fueron divididos en grupos de acuerdo con las semanas de gestación, trimestres y meses. Luego de realizar mediciones generales externas en los fetos, se procedió a la disección de las piernas. Se midieron parámetros morfométricos correspondientes a los músculos gastrocnemio, sóleo y tendón calcáneo. Los promedios y las desviaciones estándar de los parámetros medidos se determinaron de acuerdo a la edad gestacional de los fetos, en semanas trimestres y meses. Hubo una correlación significativa entre los parámetros medidos y la edad gestacional (p<0,001). No hubo diferencias entre los sexos en términos de parámetros (p>0,005). Todos los resultados obtenidos se discutieron haciendo una comparación entre ellos y los estudios previos realizados. Los datos obtenidos en nuestro estudio serán de utilidad para los médicos en la evaluación del desarrollo del tendón calcáneo y las estructuras que lo constituyen, durante el período fetal, para la utilización de este conocimiento en estudios clínicos y diversas aplicaciones.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Achilles Tendon/anatomy & histology , Achilles Tendon/embryology , Fetal Development/physiology , Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology , Muscle, Skeletal/enzymology
5.
Article in English | LILACS-Express | LILACS, VETINDEX | ID: biblio-1487589

ABSTRACT

Abstract: Low-level laser therapy is recommended for the treatment of tendinopathies despite the contradictory results related to the ideal dose of energy, wavelength and time of application. This study aimed to assess the effects of laser therapy and eccentric exercise on tendinopathy of the Achilles tendon of Wistar rats. Forty-eight adult male rats were randomly distributed into four groups (L= laser; E= eccentric exercise; LE = laser and eccentric exercise; and R= rest). Laser therapy (904nm/3J/cm2) and/or eccentric exercise (downhill walking; 15o incline treadmill; 12m/min; 50min/day) was started 24h after induction of unilateral tendinopathy and remained for 20 days. At 3, 7, 14 and 21 days after lesion induction, three rats from each group were euthanized and the tendons were collected for histological and morphometric analyses. There was no difference among groups or among times for the characteristics hemorrhage (p=0.4154), fibrinous adhesion formation (p=0.0712), and organization of collagen fibers (p=0.2583) and of the connective tissue (p=0.1046). For these groups, regardless of the time, eccentric exercise led to epitenon thickening (p=0.0204), which was lower in the group treated with laser therapy. Histological analysis revealed differences (p=0.0032) in the number of inflammatory cells over time. They were more numerous in the group that only exercised. This result was confirmed by morphometric analysis, which showed a significant interaction (groups x time) for this characteristic. Eccentric exercise increased (p=0.0014) the inflammatory infiltrate over time (3 and 21 days). However, association with laser therapy reduced inflammatory reaction. On the other hand, the combination of the treatments increased angiogenesis in morphometric (p=0.0000) and histological (p=0.0006) analyses compared with the other groups, while the isolated application of low-level laser reduced this characteristic over time. Animals maintained at rest presented the lowest amount (p=0.0000) of fibroblasts, according to the morphometric analysis. However, histological evaluation showed a significant group x time interaction (p=0.0024). Greater amounts of fibroblasts were observed in groups E, L and LE on the 7th, 14th and 21st days, respectively. The animals that received laser therapy and were exercised showed a greater (p=0.0000) amount of collagen fibers over time. Laser therapy at a dose of 3J and at a wavelength of 904nm, starting 24h after surgical induction of tendinopathy in Wistar rats, is suitable for angiogenesis and prevention of tendon thickening, which can be associated with the intensity of inflammatory process. When associated with eccentric exercise, the therapy has the advantage of increasing the amount of collagen fibers, reducing fibrinous adhesions and inflammatory infiltrate, despite prolonging angiogenesis. Therefore, eccentric exercise performed concomitantly with laser therapy improves the histological properties of the injured tendon.


Resumo: O laser de baixa potência é recomendado para o tratamento das tendinopatias apesar dos resultados contraditórios no que se refere a dose de energia ideal, comprimento de onda e tempo de aplicação. O objetivo desse estudo foi avaliar os efeitos da laserterapia e do exercício excêntrico na tendinopatia do tendão calcanear comum de ratos Wistar. Foram utilizados 48 ratos machos adultos. Os animais foram distribuídos aleatoriamente em quatro grupos (L=laser; E=exercício excêntrico; LE=laser e exercício excêntrico, e R=repouso). Após 24h da indução de tendinopatia unilateral, foi iniciada laserterapia (904nm/3J/cm2) e/ou exercício excêntrico (caminhada em declive; esteira com 15o de inclinação; 12m/min; 50min/dia) que permaneceu por 20 dias. Aos 3, 7, 14 e 21 dias após indução da lesão, três ratos de cada grupo foram submetidos à eutanásia, e os tendões foram obtidos para análises histológica e morfométrica. Não houve diferença entre grupos nem entre tempos nas características hemorragia (p=0,4154), formação de aderência fibrinosa (p=0,0712) e organização das fibras colágenas (p=0,2583) e do tecido conjuntivo (p=0,1046). Considerando os grupos, independentemente do tempo, foi observado que o exercício excêntrico ocasionou espessamento do epitendão (p=0,0204), que foi menor no grupo submetido à laserterapia. A análise histológica revelou diferença (p=0,0032) na quantidade de células inflamatórias ao longo do tempo, sendo observado em maior quantidade no grupo apenas exercitado. Esse resultado foi confirmado pela análise morfométrica, que demonstrou haver interação significativa (grupos x tempo) nessa característica, na qual o exercício excêntrico aumentou (p=0,0014) o infiltrado inflamatório ao longo do tempo (3 e 21 dias), porém, quando associado à laserterapia, ocorreu redução da reação inflamatória. Por outro lado, a associação dos tratamentos ocasionou maior angiogênese observada nas análises morfométrica (p=0,0000) e histológica (p=0,0006), quando comparada com os demais grupos, enquanto a aplicação isolada do laser de baixa potência reduziu essa característica ao longo do tempo. Os animais mantidos em repouso foram os que apresentaram menor (p=0,0000) quantidade de fibroblastos, na análise morfométrica, porém na avaliação histológica foi observada interação significativa entre grupo e tempo (p=0,0024). Maior quantidade de fibroblastos foi observada nos grupos E, L e LE, no 7o, 14o e 21o dias, respectivamente. Os animais que receberam laserterapia e foram exercitados apresentaram maior (p=0,0000) quantidade de fibras colágenas ao longo do tempo. A laserterapia na dose de 3J e comprimento de onda de 904nm, iniciada 24h após indução cirúrgica de tendinopatia em ratos Wistar é adequada para angiogênese e para evitar o espessamento do tendão, que pode estar relacionado com a intensidade do processo inflamatório. Quando associada ao exercício excêntrico, a terapia apresenta a vantagem de aumentar a quantidade de fibras colágenas, reduzir a aderência fibrinosa e infiltrado inflamatório, apesar de prolongar a angiogênese. Portanto, o exercício excêntrico realizado concomitantemente com a laserterapia melhora as propriedades histológicas do tendão lesionado.

6.
Rev. dor ; 13(1): 55-58, jan.-mar. 2012. graf
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-624932

ABSTRACT

JUSTIFICATIVA E OBJETIVOS: Modelos de exercício físico para animais são ferramentas úteis para análise de funções orgânicas difíceis de serem observadas em seres humanos, como na evolução do quadro álgico de dor após trauma tendíneo. O objetivo deste estudo foi comparar os efeitos do exercício físico resistido, sobre a dor e edema em tendões calcâneos de ratos submetidos a trauma. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados 18 ratos Wistar, divididos em 3 grupos: Grupo Controle (GC, n = 6) - animais submetidos à trauma no tendão calcâneo direito, e não tratados; Grupo 2 Salto (G2, n = 6) - animais submetidos ao trauma e tratados com saltos em meio aquático, 2 séries de 5 saltos; Grupo 3 Salto (G3, n = 6) - animais submetidos ao trauma e tratados com saltos em meio aquático, 4 séries de 5 saltos. Para a lesão traumática no tendão, os animais foram anestesiados e receberam trauma com cerca de 0,40 J na face lateral do tendão calcâneo. Os saltos ocorreram diariamente, com intervalo de 24 horas entre as aplicações. Para avaliação da dor foi utilizado o filamento de Von Frey digital, e o edema foi avaliado por variação do diâmetro dos tendões com paquímetro. RESULTADOS: Os resultados dentro dos grupos apresentaram ligeira vantagem para o G2 que realizou menor número de repetições no exercício, já para o edema, houve ligeira vantagem para o G3. CONCLUSÃO: O exercício físico foi ligeiramente benéfico na redução do edema e da dor.


BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Models of physical exercise for animals are useful tools to analyze organic functions difficult to be observed in humans, such as the evolution of pain after tendinous trauma. This study aimed at comparing the effects of resistance physical exercise on pain and edema in calcaneal tendons of rats submitted to trauma. METHOD: We used 18 Wistar rats divided in 3 groups: Control Group (CG, n = 6) - animals submitted to right calcaneal tendon trauma and untreated; Group 2 Jump (G2, n = 6) - animals submitted to trauma and treated with jumps in water, 2 series of 5 jumps; Group 3 Jump (G3, n = 6) - animals submitted to trauma and treated with jumps in water, 4 series of 5 jumps. To induce tendinous trauma, animals were anesthetized and received trauma with approximately 0.40 J in the lateral face of the calcaneal tendon. Jumps were performed daily with 24-hour intervals between applications. Digital Von Frey filament was used to assess pain and edema was assessed by tendon diameter variation with a caliper rule. RESULTS: Results have shown a slight advantage for G2, which has performed less repetitions of the exercise; for edema, however, there has been slight advantage for G3. CONCLUSION: Physical exercise has been slightly beneficial to decrease edema and pain.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Achilles Tendon , Exercise , Pain Measurement , Rats, Wistar
7.
Rev. bras. ortop ; 47(1): 92-101, jan.-fev. 2012. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-624811

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Analisar o tempo das suturas, a biomecânica (deformidade entre os cotos tendíneos) e a histologia dos três grupos de reparo cirúrgico tendíneo: Brasil-2 (quatro passadas), com técnica de sutura central em que o nó final se encontra fora do tendão; Indiana (quatro passadas); e Tsai (seis passadas), com técnicas de sutura central em que o nó final se encontra no interior do tendão reparado, associados de mobilização ativa precoce. MÉTODOS: O tendão calcâneo direito de 36 coelhos da raça New Zealand foi escolhido para a análise. Este apresenta calibre semelhante ao tendão flexor humano, o qual tem aproximadamente 4,5mm (variando 2mm para mais ou menos). A amostra selecionada apresentava a mesma massa (2,5 a 3kg) e eram adultos machos ou fêmeas (a partir de 8½ meses de idade). RESULTADOS: Na análise biomecânica, não houve diferença estatisticamente significativa (p > 0,01). Não houve diferença estatística com relação ao tempo cirúrgico na realização das três técnicas de suturas (p > 0,01). Evidenciou-se, qualitativamente e quantitativamente, com a mobilidade ativa precoce, um espessamento da fibra de colágeno em 38,9% dentro do 15º dia e de 66,7% dentro do período do 30º dia (p = 0,095). CONCLUSÃO: Esta investigação serviu para demonstrar que não houve diferença histológica do nó final da sutura central dentro ou fora do tendão reparado, bem como o número de passadas, no que diz respeito à cicatrização, vascularização ou deformidade do tendão no túnel osteofibroso com as técnicas de reparo aplicadas, associados de mobilização ativa precoce.


OBJECTIVE: analyzing suture time, biomechanics (deformity between the stumps) and the histology of three groups of tendinous surgical repair: Brazil-2 (4-strands) which the end knot (core) is located outside the tendon, Indiana (4-strands) and Tsai (6-strands) with sutures technique which the end knot (core) is inner of the tendon, associated with early active mobilization. METHODS: the right calcaneal tendons of 36 rabbits of the New Zealand breed were used in the analysis. This sample presents similar size to human flexor tendon that has approximately 4.5 mm (varying from 2mm). The selected sample showed the same mass (2.5 to 3kg) and were male or female adults (from 8 ½ months). RESULTS: in the biomechanical analysis, there was no statistically significant difference (p>0.01). There was no statistical difference in relation to surgical time in all three suture techniques (p>0.01). With the early active mobility, there was qualitative and quantitative evidence of thickening of collagen in 38.9% on the 15th day and in 66.7% on the 30th day, making the biological tissue stronger and more resistant (p=0.095). CONCLUSION: this study demonstrated that there was no histological difference between the results achieved with an inside or outside end knot with respect to the repaired tendon and the number of strands did not affect healing, vascularization or sliding of the tendon in the osteofibrous tunnel, which are associated with early active mobility, with the repair techniques applied.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rabbits , Sutures/trends , Sutures , Achilles Tendon/surgery , Wound Healing
8.
Radiol. bras ; 42(3): 141-144, maio-jun. 2009. ilus, tab
Article in English, Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-520271

ABSTRACT

OBJETIVO: Determinar as espessuras e larguras dos tendões do calcâneo (tendão de Aquiles) em crianças eutróficas de ambos os gêneros, aos 2, 6, 9 e 12 meses de idade. MATERIAIS E MÉTODOS: Fizeram parte deste estudo prospectivo e descritivo 38 meninos e 31 meninas. As medidas dos tendões foram obtidas por meio de ultrassonografia, utilizando transdutor linear de 14 MHz, na altura do maléolo medial. RESULTADOS: Verificou-se que as espessuras dos tendões nos meninos foram de 2,4 mm, 2,3 mm, 2,4 mm e 2,4 mm, aos 2, 6, 9 e 12 meses, respectivamente. As larguras do tendão do calcâneo foram de 6,0 mm, 6,4 mm, 6,7 mm e 7,1 mm, respectivamente. Nas meninas, as espessuras obtidas aos 2, 6 e 9 meses foram de 2,4 mm, e aos 12 meses encontrou-se o valor de 2,5 mm. As quatro medidas da largura foram de 5,7 mm, 6,2 mm, 6,5 mm e 6,5 mm, respectivamente. CONCLUSÃO: Não houve diferença na espessura do tendão do calcâneo ao longo do primeiro ano de vida para ambos os gêneros, entretanto, houve diferença nas medidas da largura.


OBJECTIVE: To determine the thickness and width of the calcaneal tendon (Achilles tendon) in both male and female, eutrophic children at 2, 6, 9 and 12 months of age. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The present prospective and descriptive study included 38 boys and 31 girls. Measurements of the tendons were performed by means of ultrasonography, with a linear, 14-MHz probe, at the level of the medial malleolus. RESULTS: Tendon thicknesses observed in the boys were 2.4 mm, 2.3 mm, 2.4 mm, and 2.4 mm, respectively at 2, 6, 9 and 12 months. Widths were, respectively, 6.0 mm, 6.4 mm, 6.7 mm and 7.1 mm. In the girls, the tendon thicknesses observed at 2, 6 and 9 months were 2.4 mm, and 2.5 mm at 12 months. Widths were, respectively, 5.7 mm, 6.2 mm, 6.5 mm and 6.5 mm. CONCLUSION: No difference was observed in the calcaneal tendon thickness between boys and girls along the first year of their lives; however, width measurements demonstrated differences.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Infant , Body Weights and Measures , Achilles Tendon/growth & development , Achilles Tendon , Brazil , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Prospective Studies , Achilles Tendon/anatomy & histology
9.
Korean Journal of Anatomy ; : 219-228, 2002.
Article in Korean | WPRIM | ID: wpr-645251

ABSTRACT

This study was performed to investigate origins of the dorsal root ganglion cells containing calcitonin gene -related peptide (CGRP) which innervate the calcaneal tendon in the rat. We used the horseradish peroxidase (HRP) or fluoro -gold (FG) to trace retrogradely somatic afferents in dorsal root ganglion cells after unilateral injections into the rat calcaneal tendon. HRP or fluoro -gold labeled DRG cells for the calcaneal tendon were seen generaaly in lumbosacral (L1 to S1) DRGs ipsilaterally. In lumbosacral DRGs, the largest number of labeled cells were found in the L6 DRG. Many DRG cell bodies contained the CGRP throughout the L1~S1. A plenty of HRP -or FG -labeled cells innervating the calcaneal tendon were also identified to contain the CGRP in L1~S1 DRGs. These FG +/- CGRP DRG cells innervating the calcaneal tendon were primarily found in the L6 DRG. These results suggest that the main sensory DRG for the calcaneal tendon is the L6. This fact may be available in diagnosis and treatment of neurogenic pain in the calcaneal tendon.


Subject(s)
Animals , Rats , Calcitonin , Diagnosis , Diagnosis-Related Groups , Ganglia, Spinal , Horseradish Peroxidase , Immunohistochemistry , Spinal Nerve Roots , Tendons
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